Mineral fertilizers

Organic fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers

Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers

Рlant for the storage of ammonia and phosphate fertilizers Storage of ammonia and phosphate fertilizers

Ammonium silistra

All fertilizers are divided into organic and mineral. Organic fertilizers are universal, they contain everything necessary nutrition elements for plants. For example, organic fertilizer is manure contains about 0.5% nitrogen and 0.6% potassium, 0.25% phosphorus, etc. Mineral fertilizers contain many times more nutrients than organic fertilizers. So, for example, nitrogen fertilizer contains 15% nitrogen (sodium nitrate, NaNO₃) to 82% (liquid ammonia).Phosphate fertilizers contain from 18% phosphorus (phosphate rock) to 40%. Potassium fertilizers contain potassium from 16% to 62% (potassium chloride - KCl). In complex fertilizers contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is known that one kilogram of potassium, added to soil in which the potato is planted, increases the yield of 50 kg. Mineral fertilizerss increase the harvest of grain, vegetables and fruit crops.

There are mineral fertilizerss containing 1,2 and 3 nutrients, therefore are called simple, double and complex. In addition, some complex fertilizers also contain trace elements such as copper, boron, zinc, manganese. Fertilizer are stored in dry cool place, the shelf life is not limited, but preferably not more than 2 years.

Mineral fertilizerss applied to the soil in early spring or autumn before the preparation of the soil. During plant growth the fertilizers also add. (evenly scattered in dry form or watered).

Benefits of the elements contained in fertilizers

Thus, the lack of nitrogen in the soil causes the leaves lose color, become at first pale green, then turn yellow, stops the growth of new leaves, the some new leaves remain underdeveloped.
With a lack of potassium in the soil reduced the similarity of seeds, increases the susceptibility of plants to diseases, lower leaves first turn yellow in the edges, then turn brown and die.
Phosphorus is needed by plants to accelerate the development of the root system and fruit. The lack of phosphorus in the soil affects to the leaves, it are grayish or reddish color, the lower leaves turn yellow and die.
Calcium contributes to development of the root system. Sulfur "plays" a role in the processes of plant respiration; magnesium and iron, consumed by plants in much smaller quantities, also required for their normal development. Magnesium and iron supports the normal color of the leaves.
In addition to the described elements necessary for plants are boron, copper, manganese, zinc. In tomatoes grown in soils where there is no boron, growth stops, cauliflower and salad spots ere appear, resembling burns. In the absence of boron sensitive also cherries, apricots, apples and pears - they have stopped flowering and fruit ripening.
For depositing boron in soil fertilized with boric acid (H₃BO₃), it contains about 17% of boron, or brown - Na₃BO₃ about 11% boron. On 10m² take 6 g of boric acid or 9 g of borax (you can mix them with other fertilizers).Each fertilizer has own dosage and usage rule.
With a lack of copper on the leaves of plants appear white spots, the leaves curl and dry up, stops the growth of plants. In addition, copper improves resistance of plants to fungal diseases and increase fruiting. To replenish the reserves of copper in the soil it make copper sulphate (CuSO₄х5H₂O), taking 10-20 grams of copper sulfate per 10 m².

Manganese is an important role in respiration of plants and in the process of photosynthesis. Manganese increases the yield of agricultural plants.
Mineral fertilizers, which is the basis of manganese, used: fruit trees are sprayed before and after flowering with a solution containing 30 g of potasium permanganate with 1 liter of water. This can be combined with "Urea". In the main for vegetable crops take 60-100 g of potassium permanganate in 10 m² square.
Zinc has beneficial effects to formation organic acids in plants from carbohydrates and prevents a number of diseases of plants, especially citrus.
Of course, it's best to use a complex fertilizers, containing a complete set of trace elements (boron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, copper), and 11% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Such fertilizers are suitable for all soil types and are used for the main application.

Phosphate fertilizers

Phosphate fertilizers - the most common are superphosphate, precipitate and phosphate rock.
Simple superphosphate is a mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, calcium hydrophosphate CaHPO₄ and calcium phosphate Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and also apatite, gypsum, and other impurities. Simple superphosphate is got with processing phosphorites and appatity with sulfuric acid. When processing mineral phosphate with phosphoric acid get double superphosphate, containing up to 50% of phosphorus oxide (P₂O₅). During the mixing phosphoric acid with lime get precipitate CaHPO₄ x 2H₂O

The phosphate fertilizers include:
Ca₃(PO₄)₂ phosphate rock, bone meal
Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ + 2CaSO₄ - simple superphosphate
Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ - double superphosphate
CaHPO₄x2H₂O - precipitate
NH₄H₂PO₄+NH₄)₂HPO₄ - mofos - complex fertilizer

Nitrogen fertilizers:
NH₃ - ammonia (contains the largest mass fraction of nitrogen)
NH₃xH₂O - ammonia water
CO(NH₂)₂ - urea
NH₄NO₃ ammonium nitrate
KNO₃ - potassium nitrate (indian)
NaNO₃ sodium nitrate (chilean)
Ca(NO₃)₂ - calcium nitrate (norwegian)